创建日期 星期六 18 五月 2019
from pylab import * from matplotlib import font_manager my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="simsun.ttc") gamma=[0,0.5,1,3,5] def fl(x,gamma): return -(1-x)**gamma*log(x) x=linspace(1e-6,1,100) for g in gamma: plot(x,fl(x,g)) legend(['$\gamma={}$'.format(g) for g in gamma]) xlabel('真实标签预测概率',fontproperties=my_font) ylabel('损失',fontproperties=my_font) ylim(0,5) xlim(0,1) # show() plt.savefig('s.png',dpi=1000)
1.环境查看 ------
### a.系统版本查看 [hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
### b.系统中文字体查看 ``` [hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light ```
### c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询 ``` [hadoop@p168 ~]$ python Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import matplotlib >>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc >>> ``` 2.第一种解决方法 --------- 在代码中指定字体配置 ``` #coding:utf-8 import matplotlib matplotlib.use('qt4agg') from matplotlib.font_manager import * import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来 myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc') #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) plt.show() ``` 3.第二种解决办法 --------- 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中, 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 第三在代码中动态设置参数: ``` #coding:utf-8 import matplotlib matplotlib.use('qt4agg') #指定默认字体 matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) plt.show() ```
4.第三钟解决办法 ---------
首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中, 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 第三修改修改配置文件: ``` [hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc ``` 文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。 font.family : sans-serif font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif 就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到 axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题
5.常见问题 ------
### a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误.
font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
### b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录! ``` rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache ``` ### c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示. 原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。
### d.补充
目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行 ``` fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts ``` 更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。