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画图中文显示问题 [2019/06/01 10:21] admin 创建 |
画图中文显示问题 [2020/06/30 11:01] (当前版本) |
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- | 画图中文显示问题 | + | ====== 画图中文显示问题 ====== |
- | ======== | + | |
创建日期 星期六 18 五月 2019 | 创建日期 星期六 18 五月 2019 | ||
- | 1.环境查看 | + | ===== Windows ===== |
- | ------ | + | from pylab import * |
+ | from matplotlib import font_manager | ||
+ | my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="simsun.ttc") | ||
+ | gamma=[0,0.5,1,3,5] | ||
+ | def fl(x,gamma): | ||
+ | return -(1-x)**gamma*log(x) | ||
+ | x=linspace(1e-6,1,100) | ||
+ | for g in gamma: | ||
+ | plot(x,fl(x,g)) | ||
+ | legend(['$\gamma={}$'.format(g) for g in gamma]) | ||
+ | xlabel('真实标签预测概率',fontproperties=my_font) | ||
+ | ylabel('损失',fontproperties=my_font) | ||
+ | ylim(0,5) | ||
+ | xlim(0,1) | ||
+ | # show() | ||
+ | plt.savefig('s.png',dpi=1000) | ||
+ | ===== Linux ===== | ||
- | ### a.系统版本查看 | ||
- | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release | ||
- | CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) | ||
- | ### b.系统中文字体查看 | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light | ||
- | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | ### c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询 | + | 1.环境查看 |
- | ``` | + | ------ |
- | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ python | + | |
- | Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06) | + | |
- | [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2 | + | |
- | Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | + | |
- | >>> import matplotlib | + | |
- | >>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() | + | |
- | /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | + | |
- | >>> | + | |
- | ``` | + | |
- | 2.第一种解决方法 | + | |
- | --------- | + | |
- | 在代码中指定字体配置 | + | |
- | ``` | + | |
- | #coding:utf-8 | + | |
- | import matplotlib | + | |
- | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | + | |
- | from matplotlib.font_manager import * | + | |
- | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | + | |
- | #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来 | + | |
- | myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc') | + | |
- | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | + | |
- | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False | + | |
- | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | + | |
- | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | + | |
- | plt.show() | + | |
- | ``` | + | |
- | 3.第二种解决办法 | + | |
- | --------- | + | |
- | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中, | + | |
- | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | + | |
- | 第三在代码中动态设置参数: | + | |
- | ``` | + | |
- | #coding:utf-8 | + | |
- | import matplotlib | + | |
- | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | + | |
- | #指定默认字体 | + | |
- | matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] | + | |
- | matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' | + | |
- | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | + | |
- | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False | + | |
- | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | + | |
- | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | + | |
- | plt.show() | + | |
- | ``` | + | |
- | 4.第三钟解决办法 | + | ### a.系统版本查看 |
- | --------- | + | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release |
+ | CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) | ||
- | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中, | ||
- | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | ||
- | 第三修改修改配置文件: | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | [hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | 文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。 | ||
- | font.family : sans-serif | ||
- | font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif | ||
- | 就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到 | ||
- | axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
+ | ### b.系统中文字体查看 | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light | ||
+ | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light | ||
+ | ``` | ||
- | 5.常见问题 | + | ### c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询 |
- | ------ | + | ``` |
+ | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ python | ||
+ | Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06) | ||
+ | [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2 | ||
+ | Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | ||
+ | >>> import matplotlib | ||
+ | >>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() | ||
+ | /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
+ | >>> | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | 2.第一种解决方法 | ||
+ | --------- | ||
+ | 在代码中指定字体配置 | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | #coding:utf-8 | ||
+ | import matplotlib | ||
+ | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | ||
+ | from matplotlib.font_manager import * | ||
+ | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | ||
+ | #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来 | ||
+ | myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc') | ||
+ | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
+ | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False | ||
+ | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | ||
+ | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | ||
+ | plt.show() | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | 3.第二种解决办法 | ||
+ | --------- | ||
+ | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中, | ||
+ | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | ||
+ | 第三在代码中动态设置参数: | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | #coding:utf-8 | ||
+ | import matplotlib | ||
+ | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | ||
+ | #指定默认字体 | ||
+ | matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] | ||
+ | matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' | ||
+ | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
+ | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False | ||
+ | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | ||
+ | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | ||
+ | plt.show() | ||
+ | ``` | ||
- | ### a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误. | + | 4.第三钟解决办法 |
+ | --------- | ||
- | font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans | + | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中, |
- | (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext])) | + | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 |
+ | 第三修改修改配置文件: | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | [hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | 文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。 | ||
+ | font.family : sans-serif | ||
+ | font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif | ||
+ | 就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到 | ||
+ | axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
- | ### b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录! | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache | ||
- | ``` | ||
- | ### c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示. | ||
- | 原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。 | ||
- | ### d.补充 | ||
- | 目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行 | + | 5.常见问题 |
- | ``` | + | ------ |
- | fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts | + | |
- | ``` | + | ### a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误. |
- | 更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。 | + | |
+ | font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans | ||
+ | (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext])) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录! | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | ### c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示. | ||
+ | 原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ### d.补充 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行 | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts | ||
+ | ``` | ||
+ | 更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。 | ||