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画图中文显示问题 [2019/06/01 10:21] admin 创建 |
画图中文显示问题 [2020/06/30 11:01] (当前版本) |
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| - | 画图中文显示问题 | + | ====== 画图中文显示问题 ====== |
| - | ======== | + | |
| 创建日期 星期六 18 五月 2019 | 创建日期 星期六 18 五月 2019 | ||
| - | 1.环境查看 | + | ===== Windows ===== |
| - | ------ | + | from pylab import * |
| + | from matplotlib import font_manager | ||
| + | my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="simsun.ttc") | ||
| + | gamma=[0,0.5,1,3,5] | ||
| + | def fl(x,gamma): | ||
| + | return -(1-x)**gamma*log(x) | ||
| + | x=linspace(1e-6,1,100) | ||
| + | for g in gamma: | ||
| + | plot(x,fl(x,g)) | ||
| + | legend(['$\gamma={}$'.format(g) for g in gamma]) | ||
| + | xlabel('真实标签预测概率',fontproperties=my_font) | ||
| + | ylabel('损失',fontproperties=my_font) | ||
| + | ylim(0,5) | ||
| + | xlim(0,1) | ||
| + | # show() | ||
| + | plt.savefig('s.png',dpi=1000) | ||
| + | ===== Linux ===== | ||
| - | ### a.系统版本查看 | ||
| - | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release | ||
| - | CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) | ||
| - | ### b.系统中文字体查看 | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light | ||
| - | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | ### c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询 | + | 1.环境查看 |
| - | ``` | + | ------ |
| - | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ python | + | |
| - | Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06) | + | |
| - | [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2 | + | |
| - | Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | + | |
| - | >>> import matplotlib | + | |
| - | >>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() | + | |
| - | /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | + | |
| - | >>> | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | 2.第一种解决方法 | + | |
| - | --------- | + | |
| - | 在代码中指定字体配置 | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | #coding:utf-8 | + | |
| - | import matplotlib | + | |
| - | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | + | |
| - | from matplotlib.font_manager import * | + | |
| - | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | + | |
| - | #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来 | + | |
| - | myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc') | + | |
| - | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | + | |
| - | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False | + | |
| - | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | + | |
| - | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | + | |
| - | plt.show() | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | 3.第二种解决办法 | + | |
| - | --------- | + | |
| - | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中, | + | |
| - | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | + | |
| - | 第三在代码中动态设置参数: | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | #coding:utf-8 | + | |
| - | import matplotlib | + | |
| - | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | + | |
| - | #指定默认字体 | + | |
| - | matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] | + | |
| - | matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' | + | |
| - | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | + | |
| - | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False | + | |
| - | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | + | |
| - | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | + | |
| - | plt.show() | + | |
| - | ``` | + | |
| - | 4.第三钟解决办法 | + | ### a.系统版本查看 |
| - | --------- | + | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release |
| + | CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core) | ||
| - | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中, | ||
| - | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | ||
| - | 第三修改修改配置文件: | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | [hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | 文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。 | ||
| - | font.family : sans-serif | ||
| - | font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif | ||
| - | 就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到 | ||
| - | axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
| + | ### b.系统中文字体查看 | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light | ||
| + | /usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| - | 5.常见问题 | + | ### c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询 |
| - | ------ | + | ``` |
| + | [hadoop@p168 ~]$ python | ||
| + | Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06) | ||
| + | [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2 | ||
| + | Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. | ||
| + | >>> import matplotlib | ||
| + | >>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname() | ||
| + | /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
| + | >>> | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | 2.第一种解决方法 | ||
| + | --------- | ||
| + | 在代码中指定字体配置 | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | #coding:utf-8 | ||
| + | import matplotlib | ||
| + | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | ||
| + | from matplotlib.font_manager import * | ||
| + | import matplotlib.pyplot as plt | ||
| + | #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来 | ||
| + | myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc') | ||
| + | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
| + | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False | ||
| + | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | ||
| + | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | ||
| + | plt.show() | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | 3.第二种解决办法 | ||
| + | --------- | ||
| + | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中, | ||
| + | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 | ||
| + | 第三在代码中动态设置参数: | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | #coding:utf-8 | ||
| + | import matplotlib | ||
| + | matplotlib.use('qt4agg') | ||
| + | #指定默认字体 | ||
| + | matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] | ||
| + | matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif' | ||
| + | #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
| + | matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False | ||
| + | plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3]) | ||
| + | plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont) | ||
| + | plt.show() | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| - | ### a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误. | + | 4.第三钟解决办法 |
| + | --------- | ||
| - | font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans | + | 首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中, |
| - | (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext])) | + | 然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录 |
| + | 第三修改修改配置文件: | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | [hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | 文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。 | ||
| + | font.family : sans-serif | ||
| + | font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif | ||
| + | 就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到 | ||
| + | axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题 | ||
| - | ### b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录! | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache | ||
| - | ``` | ||
| - | ### c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示. | ||
| - | 原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。 | ||
| - | ### d.补充 | ||
| - | 目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行 | + | 5.常见问题 |
| - | ``` | + | ------ |
| - | fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts | + | |
| - | ``` | + | ### a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误. |
| - | 更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。 | + | |
| + | font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans | ||
| + | (prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext])) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ### b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录! | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | ### c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示. | ||
| + | 原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。 | ||
| + | |||
| + | ### d.补充 | ||
| + | |||
| + | 目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行 | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts | ||
| + | ``` | ||
| + | 更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。 | ||